Government-wide Section 508 Assessment Definition of Terms

The following terms are referenced by reporting criteria of the annual Government-wide Section 508 Assessment. For terms relating to Section 508, see Glossary of Section 508 Terms.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | I | L | M | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | W

A

• Agency: All Federal departments or agencies, and the United States Postal Service, covered by Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794d).

  Within this document, the use of “agency” broadly applies to the organization for which this assessment is being completed. This could be a bureau, office, component, or at the department level (e.g., headquarters). Agency is not strictly used within the assessment to mean the sole organization responsible for a certain area of administration. For example, within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), both Headquarters of DHS and Customs and Border Protection are considered agencies.

• Accessibility Conformance Report (ACR) – or equivalent: A representation of how the product meets the applicable Section 508 Technical Standards. Currently, the most common way an ACR is completed is by using the VPAT® template created by the IT Industry Council (ITI).

• Alternative Format: An alternate approach to presenting print information. Common alternate formats include but are not limited to braille, large (18 point) print, audio narration, and/or an electronic version of the content.

• Alternative Means Plan: Documentation that establishes a framework and outlines the strategies for meeting the access needs of people with disabilities until the identified Section 508 compliance defect(s) are remediated. The recommended workarounds and accommodations provided in the plan will ensure people with disabilities can continue to use the product. May be referred to as “Accommodation Plan”. 

• Affinity Group: A place for employees who identify as having a disability, cognitive or physical health condition, and their allies.

• Agency Official Communication: [see E205.3] Electronic content that is not public facing and constitutes official business that is in one or more of the following categories:

  1. An emergency notification;

  2. An initial or final decision adjudicating an administrative claim or proceeding;

  3. An internal or external program or policy announcement;

  4. A notice of benefits, program eligibility, employment opportunity, or personnel action;

  5. A formal acknowledgement of receipt;

  6. A survey questionnaire;

  7. A template or form;

  8. Educational or training materials; or

  9. Intranet content designed as a Web page.

• Almost always: Activities that are performed 90% or more of the time.

• Authentication Services: A mechanism to confirm the identity of an entity, including two factor authentication. This includes logins (e.g., username/password), email verification, text message verification, RSA token, or any other authenticator services used to verify identity.

B

• Business Needs: Defined requirements, resources or methods organizations require to reach their business goals by implementing projects, transforming operations and purchasing goods and/or services.

C

• Capital Planning and Investment Control (CPIC): A systematic approach to selecting, managing, and evaluating information technology investments.

• Communication: The way in which agencies and their organizations communicate with internal and external audiences.

• Complaint: An alleged Section 508 non-compliance violation in which a Federal employee, applicant for Federal employment, or member of the public with a disability  initiates the process to begin adjudication of the accessibility issue(s) in a federally conducted program or activity. An Administrative Complaint is a formal complaint made by “any individual with a disability…alleging that a Federal department or agency fails to comply with subsection (a)(1) in providing electronic and information technology” (§794d. Electronic and information technology (f)(1)(A)) [i.e., fails to provide accessible ICT]. Administrative complaints are “filed with the Federal department or agency alleged to be in non-compliance. The Federal department or agency receiving the complaint shall apply the complaint procedures established to implement section 794 of this title for resolving allegations of discrimination in a federally conducted program or activity.” (§794d. Electronic and information technology (f)(2)). Lawsuits and civil actions are other types of complaints. Agencies may utilize their internal Section 504/501 complaints process and may need to coordinate with other agency personnel to fully gather this information (DOJ Civil Rights Division iii. Administrative Complaints). 

  Complaints differ from public feedback responses that your agency receives through the mechanism provided to meet the OMB 2013 Strategic Plan for Improving Management of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act. Public feedback responses could escalate to a complaint, but submission of feedback is not inherently considered a complaint. 

• Conform (also Conformance/Conformant): See Fully Conform. 

• Continuity of Operations: Agency continues to perform their mission essential functions during an emergency or emergencies.

• Contractor: A person who enters into a contract with any agency or department of the United States government and is paid for services, material, equipment, and/or supplies. Contractors may or may not be issued government furnished equipment and they may or may not work onsite at federal agencies. With respect to accessibility of information and communications technology, contractors may perform services such as testing, remediation, development, training, or other program services as needed.

• Coordinator (also Section 508 Coordinator): See Section 508 Program Manager. 

D

• Deploying: Bring into effective action; utilize, publish, or distribute.

• Digital Content: Overarching term to include all forms of electronic ICT, such as: multimedia, electronic documents, PDFs, social media, web content, etc. See also Electronic Content.

• Dimension: An aspect or category on which an agency’s accessibility maturity is measured.

• Document: While not the technical definition of “document”, for these questions the term “document” is used to refer to information created by word processing and other authoring tools commonly used to share information including, but not limited to,  Microsoft Word (DOCX), PowerPoint (PPTX), Excel (XLSX), and Portable Document Format (PDF). 

E

• e-gov line of business: An e-government line of business (e-gov LoB) is defined as an intra-agency shared service, a line of business, or a multi-agency collaboration established by the Office of Management and Budget under M-04-08.

• Electronic Content: Electronic information and data, as well as the encoding that defines its structure, presentation, and interactions (see 36 CFR 1194, E103), including Electronic Content that is public facing or Agency Official Communication that is not public facing; as defined by E205 of the Section 508 Standards. 

F

• Feedback loop: A process of receiving feedback from stakeholders and responding by incorporating that feedback into processes, policies, and procedures for refinement. 

• Formal: Officially sanctioned or recognized.

• Frequency: Several places throughout the assessment criteria use the following frequency scale:
  • Never: 0%
  • Sometimes/Some: Activities that are performed approximately 1%-24% of the time.
  • Regularly: Activities that are performed approximately 25%-59% of the time.
  • Frequently: Activities that are performed approximately 60%-89% of the time.
  • Almost always: Activities that are performed approximately 90% or more of the time.

  NOTE that the scale of frequency is not an evenly distributed linear scale.

  A specific range is provided for each response (e.g., “25% to 59%”); it is not expected that your agency tracks the exact percentage for every item in the assessment (e.g., “Yes, my agency does XYZ 59.75% of the time, so that’s ‘Frequently’”). Your agency can make an estimate based on your agency’s collective experience (e.g., “Yes, my agency does XYZ more than half the time – maybe even a bit more than half of the time. I think this is something my agency does ‘Frequently’”).

  Subjectivity and Interpretation

  Many of the question responses contain multiple items which may be difficult to assess as individual elements. For example, one of the responses for Question 55 is:

  “d) Contract deliverables that are required to be Section 508 conformant are frequently verified prior to acceptance, including required remediation when necessary.”

  There are two parts to this response option: verification, and remediation. Are both items done ‘Frequently’? Is verification ‘frequent’ and remediation is ‘almost always’? There may be cases where there is not an exact answer, but please provide your agency’s best estimation of what happens in practice.

  Agency Goals versus Practice

  Please select the most appropriate response for what happens in practice at your agency. For example, one of the responses for Question 46 is:

  “c) Agency requires a standard Section 508 conformance validation test process in formal policy and web content testers regularly follow the required test process.”

  If it is true that your agency includes this requirement in formal policy, but in actual practice web content testers sometimes follow the required test process, please select the response that aligns with your agency practice rather than the requirement. In this situation, your agency response will be b) (Sometimes) rather than c) (Regularly) because the former more accurately reflects day to day activities.

• Frequently: Activities that are performed 60%-89% of the time.

• FTE or Full-time Equivalent: The total number of regular straight-time hours worked (i.e., not including overtime or holiday hours worked) by employees divided by the number of compensable hours applicable to each fiscal year. Annual leave, sick leave, compensatory time off and other approved leave categories are considered “hours worked” for purposes of defining full-time equivalent employment that is reported. 

• Fully conform: For any ICT product to be conformant, the entire ICT product must meet all applicable Section 508 standards. For example, for a web page to fully conform to Section 508, the entire web page must meet all applicable 38 WCAG Level A and AA Success Criteria.

G

• Government Off-the-shelf (GOTS): Product that is developed with funding and specificity from a government agency. The government agency controls all aspects of their GOTS product.

I

• Information and Communication Technology: Information technology and other equipment, systems, technologies, or processes, for which the principal function is the creation, manipulation, storage, display, receipt, or transmission of electronic data and information, as well as any associated content. Examples of ICT include, but are not limited to: computers and peripheral equipment; information kiosks and transaction machines; telecommunications equipment; customer premises equipment; multifunction office machines; software; applications; websites; videos; and electronic documents.

• ICT accessibility: Term used sometime interchangeably with Section 508 standards, IT accessibility, and the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, but could also refer to the accessibility of ICT in more general terms than only conformance to particular accessibility standards.

• Internet: A network of information that can be accessed by the public.

• Intranet: A private or internal network within an organization used for, but not limited to: a central repository; collaboration; communication; access to information; social networking; project management; and streamlining of everyday activities and operations.

L

• Lifecycle (life cycle): Structured method(s) for the management of electronic information, technology and services which categorizes everything that should be done to accomplish a program or project into distinct phases. For this Section 508 Accessibility Assessment, the term is used to generally describe the phases of a product, including budgeting, procurement, development, testing, operation, content creation, and change management.

M

• Manage: To handle, direct, govern, or control, maintain, etc. 

• Measure: A method to assess the quality, effect, importance, etc.

• Mid-level management: Mid-level, or middle management is the intermediate management level of a hierarchical organization that is subordinate to the executive management and responsible for ‘team leading’ line managers and/or ‘specialist’ line managers.

O

• Open Government Data Asset: In general, a data asset that is machine-readable and available in an open, standards-based format. See 44 USC. 3502 (20). 

P

• Performance Plans: Documented expectations of defined elements and standards that are understandable, measurable, attainable, fair, and challenging such that an employee knows what is needed to perform their job successfully. Performance plans are vital to the effectiveness of the performance appraisal process.

• Public Facing: Content which is made generally available to members of the public. Examples include, but are not limited to, internet websites, posts to social media, and email subscription services.

• Public feedback response: Established in the OMB 2013 Strategic Plan for Improving Management of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act, the agency’s standard feedback mechanism provides the ability for website visitors to provide comments and/or feedback regarding the agency Section 508 program. Submissions under this feedback mechanism do not inherently count as a Complaint but are considered a “public feedback response”.

• Publication Process: A publication process for making content available on agency websites, but could also mean distribution of content via an email newsletter. More than one publication process may be followed depending on the publication method.

• Program Manager: See Section 508 Program Manager.

R

• Regularly: Activities that are performed 25%-59% of the time.

• Reimbursable service: A reimbursable service in this context is defined as agreement between your agency and one or more agencies (or one or more non-Federal government public entities such as a state, local, territory or tribal government) which authorizes your agency to provide information and communication technology services to another agency then be reimbursed for the costs plus fees.

• Risk: Generally considered in the IT sector as any exposure to harm, or loss to your agency information, systems and processes associated with the ownership, operation, involvement, influence and adoption of IT within an organization. When an agency fails to maintain an accessible IT portfolio, agencies can be exposed to civil rights and other legal challenges, financial loss, increased remediation or rework, and waste, as well as challenges with recruiting and maintaining a skilled workforce.

• Ruleset: A set of rules used by an automated tool. In this context, rulesets will check for common accessibility problems and may have a version associated (e.g., 508 Rules version 1.0.). May also be called rules, accessibility checks, or library.

S

• Section 508 conformant: The entire ICT product meets all applicable Section 508 standards. For example, for a web page to be conformant, the entire web page must meet all applicable 38 WCAG Level A and AA Success Criteria.

• Section 508 conformance validation testing: Testing to verify that an implementation meets the requirements of the Section 508 standards. The requirements or criteria for conformance must be specified.

• Section 508 Program: Official or unofficial coordinated effort to ensure agency conformance to Section 508 Standards. A program exists where an individual has been designated with the duties and responsibilities of a Section 508 Program Manager; whether on a full-time basis or as an additional duty.

• Section 508 Program Manager: Manager of an agency Section 508 program on behalf of the agency CIO, to include developing and maintaining agency policies, guidance, and best practices. Some agencies might not have an individual with this title, but there may be an individual assigned the same duties and responsibilities. Used interchangeably with Section 508 Coordinator.

• Shared Service: A Federal shared service in this context is defined as information technology function that is provided for consumption by multiple organizations across Federal agencies by a single Federal Agency.

• Significantly: In a way that is large or important enough to be noticed or have an effect.

• Sometimes: Used to describe activities that are performed 1%-24% of the time. 

• Sufficient: Enough to meet the needs of a proposed end.

T

• Telework Agreement: Written agreement for anyone who works remotely (regularly or otherwise). May also be referred to as a remote work agreement. This may be an online form or an electronic document.

• Training Plan: A plan that defines who within the agency should receive training, the training schedule, and mandatory training.

U

• Unique: Total number of pages that only appear once. A template for a dynamic content page, such as a search results page, should be counted once.

• User Acceptance Testing (UAT): A phase of development/deployment in which the application is tested to ensure the application can handle real-world tasks and affirm that the performance meets development specifications, including ICT accessibility requirements, before being accepted by the agency/business representative. 

V

• VPAT® or Voluntary Product Accessibility Template: A product of the Information Technology Industry Council, the VPAT® is a reporting format for assisting buyers and sellers in identifying information and communications technology (ICT) products and services with accessibility features. A completed VPAT® is referred to as an Accessibility Conformance Report (ACR).

W

• Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG): WCAG (current versions 2 and 2.1 (coming soon 2.2), levels A, AA, and AAA) is developed through the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) process in cooperation with individuals and organizations around the world, with a goal of providing a single shared standard for web content accessibility that meets the needs of individuals, organizations, and governments internationally. The WCAG documents explain how to make web content more accessible to people with disabilities. 

• Web page (webpage): A hypertext document on the World Wide Web, including resources provided for rendering, retrieval, and presentation of content, such as images and style sheets. Web pages are delivered by a web server to the user and displayed in a web browser. Web-based applications with dynamic content or customizable views within a single page should be counted as one (1) page.

• Website: A website, and web-based application, consists of many web pages linked together under a common domain name.

• Website Accessibility Statement: A statement included on all internet and intranet websites that, at a minimum, includes contact information for the agency Section 508 program, date of the last update, and the ability for website visitors to provide comments and/or feedback regarding the agency Section 508 program. See Developing a Website Accessibility Statement.

Reviewed/Updated: April 2023